The Abbasids ruled from 133H/750AC to 656H/1258AC. They were the descendents of al-Abbass, uncle of Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him). They collaborated with the Alawis and other factions to turn over the Umayyad empire.

Abu al-Abbas Ibn Abdullah Ibn Mohammed Ibn Ali Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abbas, known as al-Saffah, the bucher, was announced the caliph in al-Kofa. The final combat between the Umayyads and the Abbasids took place in 132H/750AC and resulted in ending the Umayyads empire.

The Abbasids built Baghdad at the Degla River as their capital. It was an important trade center. The establishment of the Abbasids Empire caused far reaching political, social and cultural impacts in all over the Islamic empire.

The Abbasids Empire reached its culmination under Haroun al-Rashid. After his death, seditions spread, the matter that weakened the empire till the Mongols invaded it and exterminated the Abbasids dynasty in 656H/1258AC.

Over those events, Egypt remained to be one of the most important and the richest and strongest states. Some rulers tried to get Egypt independent from the central regime in Baghdad as happened under Ahmed Ibn Toloun and al-Akhsheed. The Abbasids installed the following rulers in Egypt:

- Saleh Ibn Ali Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abbas Ibn Abdul Mottalib Ibn Hisham, in al-Moharram 133H/August 750Ac,
- Abu Awn Abdul Malik Ibn Yazid, in Sha'ban 133H/March 751AC,
- Saleh Ibn Ali Ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas Ibn Abdul Motallib Ibn Hisham, for the second time in Rabei al-Akhar 136H/October 753AC. In Ramadan 137H/755AC, he headed towards Palestine and appointed Abo Awn Abdul Malik Ibn Yazid.

The caliph Abu al-Abbas died in Zel Hijja 136H/May 754AC and appointed the following rulers:
- Abu Awn Abdul Malik Ibn Yazid, for the second time from Ramadan 137H/February 755AC to Rabei Awwal 141H/July 758 Ac,
- Moussa Ibn Ka'b Ibn Oyayna Ibn Aisha Ibn Amro Ibn Serri Ibn Aeiza Ibn al-Harith Ibn Emro'a al-Quays, from Rabei Akhar 141H/758AC to Zel Queida 141H/March 759AC,
- Mohammed Ibn al-Aha'th al-Khoza'i for one year from Zel Hijja 141H/April 759 AC,
- Hamid Ibn Quahtaba, from Ramadan 143H/December 760AC to Zel Que'da 144H/February 762AC,
- Yazid Ibn Hatim al-Mohalabi, from Zel Que'da 144 H/February 762AC to Rabei Akhar 152H/January 772AC,
- Abdullah Ibn Abdul Rahman Ibn Muawya Ibn Hodeig, from Rabie Akhar 152H/April 768AC till his death in Safar 155H/January 772,
- Mohammed Ibn Abdul Rahman Ibn Muawya Ibn Hodeig, from Safar 155H/January 772 to Shawal of the same year,
- Moussa Ibn Ollai Ibn Rabah al-lakhmi, from Shawwal 155H/772AC to Zel Hijja 161H/September 778AC.

The caliph Abu Ga'far al-Mansour died in Zel Hijja 158 H/October 775AC and Mohammed Abu Abdullah al-mahdi Ibn al-Mansour took over.

Ibn al-Mansour appointed the following rulers:
- Eissa Ibn Loquman al-Gomahi, for four months from Zel Hijja 161H/September 778AC to Gomadi al-Awla 162H/January 779,
- Wadih, Mawla of Abu Ga'far, for four months from Gomadi al-Akhera 162 H/February 779AC to Ramadan 162H/May 779,
- Mansour Ibn Yazid Ibn Mansour al-Re'ini, for two months from Ramadan 162H/May 779AC to Zel Que'da 162/July 779,
- Yahya Ibn Daoud al-horashi, known as Ibn Mamdoud, from Zel Hijja 162H/August 779 to al-Mouharam 164/September 780AC,
- Salim Ibn Sawada al-Tamimi, from al-Mouharam 164H/September 780AC to Zel Hijja 164H/July 781AC,
- Ibrahim Ibn Saleh Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abbas, from al-mouharam 165H/August 781Ac to Zel Hijja 167H/July 784AC,
- Moussa Ibn Mous'ab al-Khath'ami, from Zel Hijja 167H/July 784AC to Shawwal 168H/April 785Ac when he was killed,
- osama Ibn Amro al-Ma'fri, for two months,
- Al-Fadl Ibn Saleh Ibn Ali al-Abbassi, for few months from al-Moharam 169H/July 785,

The caliph al-Mahdi died in al-Moharram 169H/July 785Ac and Moussa (al-Hadi) Ibn al-Mahdi succeeded him.

Al-Hadi appointed the following rulers:
- Ali Ibn Salman al-Abbassi, From Shawwal 169H/April 786 Ac to Rabei Awwal 171H/August 787Ac,
Al-Hadi Ibn al-Mahdi died in 170H. Haroun al-Rashid succeeded him in Rabei Awwal 170H/786AC and appointed the following rulers:

- Moussa Ibn Eissa Ibn Moussa al-Abbassi, from Rabei Awwal 171H/ugust 787Ac to Ramadan 172H/February 789AC,
- Muslima Ibn Yahia al-Bagli, from Ramadan 172H/February 789 to Sha'ban 173H/January 790Ac,
- Mohammed Ibn Zoheir al-Azdi, from Sha'ban 173 H/January 790AC to Zel Hijja 173H/April 790AC,
- Daoud Ibn Yazid al-Mouhallabi, from al-Mouharram 174H/May 790 to al-Mouharram 175H/May 791 AC,
- Moussa Ibn Eissa Ibn Moussa al-Abbassi, for the second time from Safar 175H/July 791 to Safar 176H/June 792AC,
- Ibrahim Ibn Saleh Ibn Abdullah al-Abbassi, for the second time from Gomada al-Awla 176H/August 792AC to Sha'ban 176H/November 792AC,
- Abdullah Ibn al-Mousayyeb Ibn Zoheir al-Dabbi, From Ramadan 167H/December 792 AC to Ragab 177H/October 793AC,
- Ishak Ibn Soliman, from Ragab 177 H/ October 793AC to Ragab 178 H/ October 794AC,
- Harmatha Ibn A'youn, from Sha'ban 178H/November 794AC to Shawwal 178H/January 795AC,
- Abdullah Ibn al-Mosayyeb al-Abbassi, till the end of 178H/795AC,
- Abdullah Ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbassi, from al-Moharram 179H/March 795 Ac to Ramadan 179H/November 795AC,
- Moussa Ibn Eissa Ibn Moussa al-Abbassi, for the third time from Ramadan 179H/November 796AC to Ramadan 180H/November 797AC,
- Oubeidullah Ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbassi, for the second time from Gomada al-Akhera 180H/June 796AC to Ramadan 181H/November 797AC,
- Ismail Ibn Saleh al-Abbassi, from Ramadan 181H/November 797AC to Gomada al-Akhera 182H/August 798AC,
- Ismail Ibn Eaissa al-Abbassi, from Gomada al-Akhera 182H/August 789 to Ramadan 182H/October 798AC,
- Al-Layth Ibn al-Fadl, From Shawwal 182H/November 798AC to al-Moharram 187 H/January 803AC,
- Ahmed Ibn Ismail Ibn Ali Ibn Abdullah al-Abbassi, from Gomada al-Akhera 187H/May 803AC to Sha'ban 189H/July 805AC,
- Abdullah Ibn Mohammed al-Abbassi (Ibn Zeinab), from Shawwal 189H/September 805AC to Sha'ban 190H/July 806AC,
- Al-Hussein Ibn Gamil, from Ramadan 190H/July 806 AC to Rabei Akher 192H/february 808AC,
- Malik Ibn Dalhem al-Kalbi, from Rabei Akher 192H/February 808 AC to Safar 193H/November 808AC,
- Al-Hassan Ibn al-Takhtakh, from Rabei Aawwal 193H/January 809AC to Rabei Awwal 194H/December 809AC,

Haroun al-Rashid died in Gomadi al-Akhera 193H/March 809Ac and his son Mohammed al-Amin succeeded him.

Al-Amin appointed the following rulers:
- Hatim Ibn Harthama Ibn A'youn, from Ramadan 149 H/June 810Ac to Gomada al-Akhera 195H/March811AC,
- Gaber Ibn Asha'th al-Ta'i, from Gomada al-Akhera 195H/March 811AC to Gomada al-Akhera 196H/February 812AC.
In Gomada al-Akhera 196H/February 812AC. Al-Ma'moun overthrew his brother Mohammed and appointed the following rulers:

- Abbad Ibn Mohammed Ibn Hayyan, from Ragab 196H/March 812AC to Safar 198H/October 813AC,
- Al-Mottab Ibn Abdullal al-Khoza'I, Rabei Awwal 198H/November 813AC to Shawwal 198H/June 814,
- Al-Abbass Ibn Moussa Ibn Eissa al-Abbassi. He sent his son Abdullah to Egypt, who stayed for only two months and half from Shawwal 198H/June 81AC to Al-Mouharram 199H/August 814AC,
- Al-Mottalib Ibn Abdullah al-Khoza'i, for the second time from Al-Moharram 199H/August 814Ac to Ramadan 200H/April 815AC,
- Al-Serri Ibn al-Hakam, for six months from Ramadan 200H/April 815AC to Rabei Awwal 201H/October 816AC,
- Soliman Ibn Ghalib Ibn Gebril al-Bagli, for five month from Rabei Awwal 201H/October 816 AC to Sha'ban 201 H/February 817AC,
- Al-Serri Ibn al-Hakam, for the second time from Sha'ban 201H/February 817AC to Gomadi al-Awla 205H/October 820 AC, when he died,
- Abu al-Nassr Ibn al-Serri, Gomadi al-Akhera 205H/Nomber 820 AC and he died in Sha'ban 206H/January 822AC,
- Obeidullah Ibn al-Serri. The army installed him in Sha'ban 206 H/May 822AC but al-Ma'moun appointed Khalid Ibn Yazid Ibn Mazid al-Shibany in early 207H/May 822. Khalid fought Ibn al-Serri for three years and finally defeated him.
- Abdullah Ibn Tahir Ibn al-Hussein, from Rabei Awwal 211H/June 826 AC to Ragab 212H/October 827AC,
- Eissan Ibn Yazid al-Gloudi, from Zel Queida 213 H/April 829 AC to Safar 214H/April 829AC,
- Abu Ishac Ibn Haroun al-Rashid took over following his father and assigined the following rulers:

- Omair Ibn al-Walid, for only 60 days, from Safar 214H/April 829 AC to Rabei Akhar 214H/June 829AC,
- Eissa Ibn Yazid al-Gloudi, for the second time.
- Abd Waih Ibn Gabla, from al-Moharram 215H/February 830AC to late 215H/January 831AC,

The caliph al-Ma'moun came to Egypt in Al-Moharram 217H and stayed till Safar 217 H/February and March 832AC and removed Eissa Ibn Mansour.

 He appointed the following rulers:
- Quaidar Nassr Ibn Abdullah, from Safar 217H/March 832AC to Rabei Akhar 219H/April 834AC when he died.
- Al Ma'moun died in Ragab 218H/August 833AC and Abu Ishac Mohammed al-Moutassem Bellah Ibn al-Rashid became the caliph. He assigned Mozzaffar Ibn Quaidar In Rabei Akhar 219H/April 834 AC to Sha'ban 219H/August 834AC,
- Abu Ga'far Ashnass became responsible for Egypt's affairs. He had the right to install its rulers as follows:

- Moussa Ibn Abi al-Abbass, from Ramadan 219 H/September 834 AC to Rabei Awwal 224H/January 839AC,
- Malik Ibn Quaidar, from Rabei Awwal 224H/January 839 to Rabei Akhar 226H/January 841AC,
- Ali Ibn Yahia al-Armani, from Rabei Akhar 226H/January 841AC to Zel Hijja 228H/September 843AC,
Al-Mo'tassim died in Rabei Awwal 227H/December 841AC. Haroun al-Wathiq Bellah Ibn al-Mo'tassim was announced the new caliph.

Ashnass kept the right of appointing the rulers of Egypt as follows:
- Eissa Ibn al-Mansour, for the second time, from Al-Mouharram 229H/October 843AC to Rabei Awwal 233H/October 847AC,

Ashnass died in 230H/844Ac and Itakh succeeded him and appointed the following rulers:
- Harthama Ibn al-Nadr al-Gabali, from Ragab 233H/February 848Ac to Ragab 234h/February 849 when he died,
- Hatim Ibn Harthama Ibn al-Nadr, for one month after his father's death till Ramadan 234H/March 849 AC,
- Ali Ibn Yahia al-Armani, for the second time from Ramadan 234H/March 849Ac to Zel Queida 235H/May 850AC,

In al-Moharram 235H/July 849 AC, Al Mountasser replaced Itakh and appointed the following rulers:
- Isshac Ibn Yahia Ibn Mo'az, in Zol Queida 235H/May 850AC,
- Khout Abdul Wahid Ibn Yahia, in Zol Queida 236H/May 851 AC,
- Anbassa Ibnn Isshac al-Dabbi, from Rabei Akhar 238H/September 852AC to Ragab 242H/November 856AC. He was the last Arab ruler of Egypt under the Abbassids.
- Yazid Ibn Abdullah al-Tourki, from Ragab 242H/November 856AC to Rabei Awwal 253H/March 867AC.

Al-Mountasser died in Rabei 248H/June 862 and Al-Mousta'een Bellah Ibn al-Moutassem succeeded him, but he was overthrew in al-Moharram 252H/January 866. Al-Moutazz Bellah Ibn al-Motawakil followed him and installed the following rulers;

- Mozahim Ibn Khaqan, from Rabei Awwal 253H/March 867AC till his death in al-Moharram 254H/January 868AC,
- Ahmed Ibn Mozahim Ibn Khaqan, from his father's death till his death in Rabei Akhar 254H/March 868Ac,
- Azgour al-Torki, after the death of Ahmed Ibn Mozahim Ibn Khaqan till Ramadan 254H/September 868Ac.