Amir al-Mouminin Ali Ibn Abi Talib, the last of the Truly Guided Caliphs, was murdered in 40 H/661 AC. Then Moawia Ibn Abi Sufian took over in Damascus as the capital of the Islamic empire. Before his death, he appointed his son Yazid Ibn Mouawia as the Caliph inventing the heritage system in Islam.

The Umayyads continued in Damascus from 40H/661 AC to 132H/750AC under the following rulers:
- Amro Ibn el-Aas, for a second term, from Rabie Awwal 38H/August 659 AC to Zel Hijja 43H/ January 664 AC,
- Ottba Ibn Abi Soffyan Ibn Harb, from Zel Hijja 43H/ March 664 to Zel Hijja 44H/March 665 AC.
- Oquba Ibn Amir al-Gahny, well known as Abu al-Abbass, from 44H/665 Ac to Rabie Awwal 47H/May 667 AC,
- Muslima Ibn Makhlad al-Anssary, from Rabie al-Awwal 47H/667AC to Ragab 62H/April 682 AC,
Muawya Ibn Abi Soffian died in Ragab 60H/April 680AC and his son Yazid Ibn Muawya succeeded him. During his reign,

Yazid appointed the following rulers in Egypt:
- Saied Ibn Yazid Ibn Alquama al-Azdi from Ramadan 62H/May 682AC to Sha'ban 64H/March 684AC,
Yazid Ibn Muawya died in 64H/684AC and Abdullah Ibn al-Zoubir succeeded him and appointed Abdul Rahman Ibn Outba Ibn Gahdam al-Fehri in Sha'ban 64H/March 684AC,
Marawan Ibn al-Hakam was announced the Caliph in Zel Que'da 64/June 684AC and appointed his son Abdul Aziz as a ruler of Egypt.
- Abdul Aziz Ibn Marawn Ibn al-Hakam, from Ragab 65H/February 685AC to Gamada al-Uwla 86H/May 705AC,
Marawan Ibn al-Hakam died in Ragab 65H/February 685AC. Following him, his son Abdul Malik Ibn Marawan took over. He appointed his son as the ruler of Egypt.
- Abdullah Ibn Abdul Malik ibn Marawn Ibn al-Hakam, known as Abu Umar, from Gomada al-Akhera 86H/June 705AC to 90H/709AC. He was the first to write the reports of the Dwawin in Arabic instead of the Coptic language.
Abdul Malik Ibn Marawan died in Shawwal 86H/September 705 AC and Al-Walid Ibn Aldul Malik became the Caliph.

He appointed the following rulers in Egypt:
- Quorra Ibn Shourik al-Absi, from Rabie Awwal 90H/January 709AC and died in Rabie Awwal96H/November 714AC,
- Abdul Malik Ibn Refa'a al-Fahmi, from Rabie Awwal 96H/714AC to Rabie Awwal 99H/to October 717AC.
Al-Walid Ibn Abdul Malik died in Gomada al-Akhera 96H/February 715AC. His son Soliman Ibn Abdul Malik followed him, yet, he passed away the same year. Then came Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz Ibn Marawan to the rule. He appointed Ayyoub Ibn Sharhabil from Rabie Awwal 99H/October 717AC to Ramadan 101H to March 720AC.
Following the death of Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz in Ragab 101H/January 720AC, Yazid Ibn Abdul Malik took over.

He appointed the following rulers:
- Bishr Ibn Safwan al-Kalbi, from Ramadan 101H/March 720 to Shawwal 102H/April 721AC,
- Hanzala Ibn Safwan al-Kalbi, from Sha'ban 105H/March 724AC.

Yazid Ibn Abdul Malik died in Sha'ban 105H/January 724AC and Hisham Ibn Abdul Malik took over and appointed the following rulers:
- Mohammed Ibn Abdul Malik Ibn Marawan, for one month from Shawal 105H/March 724Ac,
- Al-Horr Ibn Youssef, from Zel Hijja 105H/May 724AC to Zel Queda 108H/March 727AC,
- Abdul malik Ibn Refa'a al-Fahmi, for the second time from al-moharam 109H/April 727AC and died 15 days afterwards,
- Al-Walid Ibn Refa'a Ibn Thabit al-Fahmi, from 109H/727Ac to Gomada al-Akhera 117H/June 735AC,
- Abdul Rahman Ibn Khalid al-Fahmi, for few months from Gomada al-Akhera 117H/June 735AC,
- Hanzala Ibn Safwan al-Kalbi, for the second time from al-Moharam 119H/Jauary737Ac to Rabie Akhar 124H/February 741AC,
- Hafs Ibn el-Walid Ibn Youssef al-Hadrami, from Sha'aban 124H/June 741AC to 127H/744AC.
Hisham Ibn Abdul Malik died in Rabie Akhar 125H/February 742AC and Al-Walid Ibn Yazid Ibn Abdul malik succeeded him till he was killed in Gomada al-Akhera 126H/March 743AC. He was followed by his son Yazid who died in Zel Hijja the same year and his brother Ibrahim, who was removed by Marawan Ibn Mohammed Ibn al-Hakam in Safar 127H/November 743AC.

Marawan appointed the following rulers:
- Hassan Ibn Atahya, for 16 days from Gomadi al-Akhera 127H/March 744AC,
- Hafs Ibn el-Walid Ibn Youssef al-Hadrami, for the second time from Gomada al-Akhera 127H/March 744AC to al-Moharam 128H/October 745AC,
- Al-Hawthala Ibn Sohail al-Baheli, from al-Moharam 128H/October 745AC to Gomada al-Uwla 131H/January 749AC,
- Al-Moughira Ibn Obeid al-Fazari, from Ragab 131H/February 749AC to Gomada al-Uwla 132H/December 749AC,
- Abdul Malik Ibn Marawan Mussa Ibn Noussir, in Gomada al-Akhera 132H/750AC.
In Zel Hijja 132H/August 750 AC, Caliph Marawan Ibn Mohammed was killed and Saleh Ibn Ali entered al-Fostat in al-Moharam 133H/August 750AC and sent Marawans head to Iraq. Thus the Umayyads empire come to an end in the East.