Amir al-Muminin Omar Ibn el-Khattab allowed his army commander Amro Ibn el-Aas to conquer Egypt. Ibn el-Aas seiged al-Arish and al-Farma in 640 AC, then he seiged Om Denin and surrounded Babilion fort in 641 AC. Following, he headed to Alexandria and seiged it.

Thus, Ibn el-Aas put an end to the Byzantine empire in Egypt. Accordingly, Egypt became an Islamic state under the Orthodox Caliphs. They used to send their rulers to Egypt to represent them in ruling, prayers, jurisdiction and tax collection. The number of rulers under Omar Ibn el-Khattab, Uthman Ibn Affan and Ali Ibn Abi Talib six as follows:

1- Amr Ibn al-Aas: He was appointed ruler of Egypt for the first time by Caliph Omar from 20 Hijira/640 AC to 25 Hijira/646 AC when Caliph Uthoman removed him.

Amr Ibn el-Aas established al-Foustat (Tents) city where he built his mosque, dug Oum al-Moumenin (Mother of Believers) Gulf and established the Nilometer.
In Zil Hija 23 Hijira/October 644AC, Uthman succeeded Omar after his murder.

Uthman appointed the following rulers:
1- Abdullah Ibn Saad, 25H/646AC,
2- Mohamed Ibn Abi Hozaifa Ibn Outba Ibn Rabiea' Ibn Abd Shams Ibn Abd Manaf, Shawwal 35H/April 656AC.

Uthman was murdered in Zil Hija 35H/June 656 AC and Ali Ibn Abi Talib became the Caliph and appointed the following rulers:

- Quaiss Ibn Sa'd Ibn Ebada al-Anssari, Rabie' Awal 37H/August 657AC.
- Al-Ashtar Malik Ibn al-Harith al-Nakhei, Ragab 37H/657 AC. He died before arriving Egypt.