Urbanization + Industrialization 10 th of Ramadan City

The daughter of desert embracing 1000 factories and 100,000 work opportunities. Since the era of Pharaos until the beginning of this century, it has been there. The population of Egypt kept revolving around 10 million, increasing steadily until reaching 22 million in 1952 then 54 million in 1989. It is expected to reach 70 million in the year 2000.

This steady increase had to be accompanied by an increase in development rates, which took place throughout score of years. Yet the problem facing the Egyptian people was the fact that the populated area is no more than 4% of Egypt, whereas 96% of Egypt's land was not utilized.

Thus extension and construction construction was the goal. Yet this concept had to develop from mere rebuilding to the concept of the integrated order of the overall development; constructional, social and economic. Construction assumed this concept since the beginning of the 80's hence going out to the desert was the real challenge.

The idea
The idea was to build cities and new urban communities; forming accumulations of populace, creating new cultural centers to contribute to the redistribution of population and creating attraction sites outside cities.

The beginning was in 1968 when the Committee of Planning Cairo comprised a regional scheme for the future extension of Cairo. This was supposed to be done through building four new cities each including 250 thousand people. At the end of 1973 the call for laying the foundations of new societies was an urgent one. Hence the scheme of 1975 to establish the "10th of Ramadan" city and the city of "Sadat" each having the capacity of 500 thousand. In 1979 followed another scheme of creating other new cities: the "6th of October", "El Obour" and "El Amal" were visualized. It was crucial to find a responsible body to administer these new cities. Thus the New Urban Constructional Communities Institute was formed.

Integrated development
Laying the foundations of new cities in general aim at integrated urban development which eases the burden off the current residential, economic and constructional edifices. It, in addition, aims at the replanning of Egyptian land, trying to break away from the narrow strip along the banks of the River Nile, as well as having a better and further utilization of available resource.

Establishing industrial areas and communities has the target of redistributing the industrial map in a fair way as to include all Egypt and to encourage capitalists to invest their money in industry. Industrial communities also save the expenses of transporting modern technology through collecting similar industries in one industrial zone and having new cities and urban communities built in the desert depending upon work lines in these zones.

To boost development, the government encourages small-capital minor industries by granting tax exemptions, providing feasibility studies for all projects to enjoy the quality of choice between alternatives of ready-made projects. It also provides the infrastructure and the fully-equipped required lands.

The "10th of Ramadan" city was the first of the Egyptian industrial cities and one of the bastions of industry in which Egyptian capitals invest with Egyptian labour and for Egyptian production, for the good of all Egyptians.

Name and bearer of name
The first industrial city was called "the 10th of Ramadan" in memory of the Egyptian land liberation battle on the 10th of Ramadan (the 1973 October War).

"Here in 10th of Ramadan city is a new industrial bastion where funds are invested in the best interest of Egypt, with Egyptian force, Egyptian production, for the welfare of all Egyptians".

President Hosni Mubarak
The city witnessed a wonderful harmony between construction and building in Egypt. So it was one of the first new industrial castles which has become a source of pride for every sincere Egyptian.

"At this momentous part of our modern history we are in dire need of new urban communities and cities to constitute illuminating points on the map of Egypt, which contribute to the redistribution of the population and thereby put an end to the choking density problems in the existing towns and cities and help to realize more progress and economic development to our beloved country".

Dr. Suliman
Minister of New Communities
Tenth of Ramadan City is the first city of a number of new industrial cities to invade the desert and to attract national, Arab and foreign capital and to create new job opportunities to Egyptian citizens. When the four stages of construction work are implemented, the city will boost a number of 3500 factories and become the biggest industrial castle in Egypt with 100,000 housing units to accommodate 500,000 citizens.

CITY AREA
The total area of the city is 398 k.m2.
The urban areas will be 90 km. representing 22.6 % of the total area.
The rest of the area will be appropriated to the green belt and tourist activities.

CITY PLANNING
According to plans, the city will be built in four stages each including four districts beside the various industrial areas.
UTILIZATION OF LANDS
24% for housing, 14% of buildings .
30 % industrial area, 18% of which has already been built.
9% for trading and shopping centres, 6% of which has been implemented.
15% of gardens and parks
22 % for roads and open spaces.
Urban communities and industrial area will therefore constitute 38% of the total area whereas roads, parks and open spaces will constitute of 62 %.
The maximum height allowed for building will not exceed 15 meters.
The residential sector of the city is to the north of the Cairo- Ismaillia desert road and is separated from it by a wide green belt. In 1978, the first stage was initiated with four residential areas, each comprising eight to nine districts. Each district contains about 1000 housing units designed to accommodate 5000 inhabitants.

These districts are arranged in a circular pattern around a central service area complete with supermarkets, nurseries, primary schools and public services. The four housing areas, in turn, surround the main city center with its public and recreational services. Expansion of subsequent stages will be northwards.

The entire residential area has been generously provided with green spaces, gardens and trees, which enhance the public areas and neighborhoods. The inhabitants work primarily in the industries as well as in commerce, various professions and city services.

EDUCATION SERVICES
The city has nursery schools, primary schools, prep schools, experimental language school, private schools (a nursery and a primary school, besides 2 secondary schools, 2 industrial secondary schools, 3 vocational training centers, 1 higher institute for technology.

RELIGIOUS SERVICES
Al-Azhar (i.e. Muslim education) schools and institutes, Wakfs (i.e. religious endowments) administration and government mosques, There are also churches and Islamic societies.

POLICE AND SECURITY SERVICES
1 Police department.
1 Police station.
4 Police check points.
1 Police dogs center.
1 Main fire brigade.
5 Combat fire and civil defence training center . 12 Fire water tanks with a capacity of 100 m3 750 fire faucets, 150 have not been installed.
1 Camp central security men
3 Offices for military conscription, mobilization, passports, immigration and civil registration.
6 Traffic points.
1 Public utilities office.
1 Traffic police station.
1 State security office.
1 Fire brigade cars

HEALTH SERVICES
1 300-bed health insurance hospital.
4 private hospitals: the Green Crescent hospital, the Specialist Hospital, Bishara Medical Health Center and Gamal Abul-Azayem Psychiatric Center.
2 medical centers belonging to the Ministry of Health and Tenth of Ramadan City Authority.
1 Desert road first- aid center.
9 Private pharmacies.
1 Veterinary clinic.
1 El-Gawhara village for diabetic patients still under construction.
1 Family planning center.
30 Private medical clinics.

OTHER SERVICES
2 Cinema and theatre houses
1 Supply office
Cultural center in the city center.
1 Child library.
1 Museum.
3 Social and sports clubs.
1 Youth welfare department.
4 Automatic and manual bakeries
4 Butane gas distribution stores.
5 Super markets.
1 Automatic slaughter house.
1 Poultry farm.
3 Trading center.
2 Marketing points for fish, meat and chicken.
19 Kiosks for selling bread.
16 Shopping and trading markets.
1 Peddlers marketplace.


COMMUNICATION SERVICES
2 Telecommunication buildings.
1 Micro- wave building.
2 Telephone and telegraph offices.
3 Post offices.
1 East- Delta main bus station.
1 Local transportation services.

JUSTICE SERVICES
The city has:
1 Courts of first instance.
1 Registry office.
1 Survey office.
2 Taxation offices.

SECURITY SERVICES
The city has:
1 Social security department.
1 Pension and insurance administration.
BANKING SERVICES
14 Financial establishment (13 banks + 1 exchange office).

MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
The city has:
1 Manpower office.
1 General organization for Industrialization.
1 Industrial quality control department.
2 National Democratic Party headquarters.
2 Youth Hostels.
10 Management buildings.
4 Vacational training centers.
1 4-stars hotel (under construction).
1 Investment Authority Headquarters.
2 City center housing, trade and administrative projects.
1 Urban Community Development headquarters 1 Standardization and quality control department.
3 Small Industries compounds.
1 Customs office.

INFRASTRUCTURE
Water supply
The Ismailia Canal, which branches off the Nile and runs to the north of the city, provides it with 200,000 m of untreated water per day. A water purification plant provides 170,000 m of potable water per day, to which are added 20,000 m originating from artesian wells. A new plant will be constructed this year with a capacity of 300,000 m per day to supply 10th of Ramadan City and Badr City.

Sanitary drainage Waste water from housing and industrial area is accumulated in three oxidize organic matters. Studies are being carried out to make use of remaining water after treatment in cultivation experiments.
The first and second stages of the sanitary drainage network have been accomplished with a total length of 360 km.

A 25 million pound pumping station is now being built to pump drain water to mechanical water treatment plants, as the recycled water will be used to irrigate agriculture areas.

POWER
All electricity works have been fully achieved and they are all in use now for both industrial and housing areas.