Homeland for Civilizations
General Features of the First Civilization

Mokhtar al- Sweify is an Egyptian researcher who wrote a book of 280 pages on the features of the ancient Egyptian civilization .
In this book, he deals with 92 topics about the general features of the first civilization that paved the way to knowledge and science and dominated the world in ancient times.

Al-Sweify stresses that Egyptians excelled the whole world in astronomy, maths, trade, diplomacy, legislations and arts .

Egypt... a Million Years Ago

The book focuses on the fact that Egypt was the first nation in the ancient world to know the basis of writing and that she introduced the letters and the Hieroglyphic symbols. It is, in fact, the first nation in the world that has a written history.

Egypt Taught the Whole World How to Count Days and Years

The ancient Egyptians invented the Julian calendar in the 43rd century BC.

The Egyptian system is the basis of the Gregorian calendar used in the whole world nowadays.
The First Commercial Fleet in the World

There are thousands of monuments that confirm that the industry of building ships in ancient Egypt had reached a very advanced level all over the world at that time.

This development in building huge ships in this early age was a direct result of the Egyptian civilization. Undoubtedly, Egypt was the first to build ships for transporting soldiers. The oldest ship was found in Egypt, the first woman sailor was an Egyptian and the first expedition in history was by Egyptians .

Akenaton, the First Human Call for One God, the Creator of Everything:

"You are the One, no God but you, You have no partner" This attestation is, no doubt, the first known human call for believing that God is the sole creator .
This was the call of Akenaton, the philosopher and the poet, who saw God in the absolute power that gives life to everything; to the chick in the egg, and to the embryos in their mothers' wombs.

Amon's clergymen were so rich and so powerful that they were able to dominate the economy and the policy of the country . Akenaton's epoch was 700 years before the Old Testament.

G.H. Prosteed, the great Egyptologist, stresses that Akenaton was the first in the whole world, who called for one God. This religious revolution was accompanied by another social one in which Akenaton declared that all the different classes are equal before god, with no difference except their worship and their good behavior.

Diplomacy and International Agreements Are Egyptian Inventions

The epoch of the Egyptian empire was characterized by military invasions in the reign of the 18th and 19th dynasties. During this time, the official written papers between Egypt and the invaded countries increased .

Agreements were also held between Egypt and these countries, especially the Heithait state, the most powerful of these invaded countries . Military and political negotiations were held between Egypt and this country, and an agreement was reached. It was registered on papyrus and silver boards, and also on the walls of temples.

The agreement was translated and the historians said that it resembles those of the present age in shape and words . The super diplomatic language of this agreement is amazing.

Ancient Egyptians are the First Legislators
Champollion was able to unveil the secrets of the symbols and the writings in the temples. These writings proved that the ancient Egyptians were the first legislators in the ancient world. These writings showed that King Menes was the first to publish the inherited Egyptian laws. These laws were regarded as heavenly orders from gods Ra and Osiris. It was said that Ra ruled justly. He never accepted bribes.

Egyptians are the First to Know Maths, Geometry and Astronomy

Most historians admitted, through the ancient Egyptian monuments, that ancient Egyptians knew the rules of geometry and maths.

The Egyptian excellence in the science of applied mathematics reached its peak during the epoch of building the pyramids. These geometrical buildings are eternal witnesses of such excellence.

The River Nile and its flood were the first teacher that helped the ancient Egyptians excel in mathematics.
They had to measure the water level in the river to master the level of each flood. Thanks to mathematics, they were able to know the numbers, and the rules of adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing.

The ancient Egyptian writings and symbols showed that ancient Egyptians had known all about the geometrical shapes and how to calculate areas.

Caricature is an Ancient Egyptian Invention

A caricature was found on the walls of one of the temples and it was portrayed during Queen Hetchepsut reign .

This paint attracts the attention of all visitors. It was for the king and Queen of Bont, the lands to which the commercial fleet headed in its first journey. The photo showed the king and his wife behind him. The Egyptian artist exaggerated in painting fat woman and her sons. He recorded his comment on the picture saying: a donkey is carrying his wife. He meant the King's wife.

Many historians said that this scene was the first caricature in the world. Other historians said that the ancient Egyptian artists excelled in the art of caricature long before Queen Hetshepsut. Many of the sarcastic caricature paintings were found, unfortunately, in foreign museums especially in Britain.

Egyptian Literature.. the Oldest in the World

Thanks to the French scientist Champollion who managed to unveil the secrets of the hieroglyphic writing, it was possible to read the ancient Egyptian writings on the walls of temples, tombs and the pyramids .

Thus, it was very obvious that ancient Egypt had been the mother of all civilizations and that Egypt in general is the source of all the elevated literary pieces. The ancient Egyptians realized that literature is the best way to satisfy the souls. They wrote on all aspects of life. They wrote short stories, novels and fundamental teachings, and on philosophy. They also wrote poetry and religious songs.

They described the beauty of nature and wrote songs praising the kings and other poems for parties and festivals. The literary works of the ancient Egyptians were divided by the historians into groups dealing with gods' stories, magic, miracles and the stories of adventures.

Effect of the Ancient Egyptian Literature on the World Literature

"The Sailor and the Island of Wonders" is a short story about an ancient Egyptian sailor whose ship sank with all the sailors. This sailor was the only one to survive. He lived on an isolated island. He found a great treasure and left the island and disappeared as soon as he left it. The idea and the literary treatment inspired many of the famous writers all over the world .

Famous stories were written after the Egyptian models such as the English story "Robinson Crusoe" and the French "Virtue", the "Divine Comedy" and the "Message of Forgiveness".

Egyptian Origin
Both of these two books were about paradise and hell in the hereafter. It has been said that Dante, the Italian writer, was affected in writing his book by the great Syrian writer Abu-El-Allaa Al-Ma'arry .Historians said that this important subject had its origin in the ancient Egyptian literature .

The First Poets in the World
All crities, linguists, historians and the scientists of civilization agreed that ancient Egypt had the earliest religious poetry and the first poem on earth.
Lots of poems discovered inside the pyramids were collected by scientists and published in about one thousand pages. Thus it was established that the Egyptians were the first poets in the world .

Arts in Ancient Egypt
Archaeologists and historians discovered an ancient Egyptian document that dates back to King Menes reign.
This document included the first dramatic work in history. Historians declared that "playwriting" appeared in ancient Egypt about three thousand years before the Greek civilization had known Drama. It was said that the Egyptian drama came side by side with ancient religions and beliefs.

The first Egyptian play was written on a black stone, which can be seen now in the British Museum in London. They also found with this play rules of how to act.
Historians said that the first society that lived by the River Nile had left many evidences that ancient Egyptians knew music together with dancing and religion .
They composed music which expressed the feelings of fear, victory, worry and defeat. They were able to invent many musical instruments with the help of the trunks of trees and the skin of animals. The Greek philosopher, Plato, invited the people in his famous book, "The Republic" to value the necessity of training people to listen to the Egyptian Music with its rules . He said that the Egyptian music is characterized by its beautiful tunes.

Ballet in Ancient Egypt
The idea of  "Ballet" started in ancient Egypt. Lots of paints of artistic dances, in which men and women participated in a dramatic way, are found in the ancient tombs.

The Miracle of Ancient Egyptians
In prehistoric times, ancient Egyptians believed in the life after death. They believed that death is a conduit for the soul to reach the eternal life.
In order to ensure this belief, it was thought necessary to find ways of mummification by using drugs and chemical substances, and performing surgeries.

They also believed that it was everyone's duty to help the deceased in their journey to the other world by decorating their corpse with various kinds of jewellery and precious stones suitable for their social standard.

Therefore, ancient historians, such as Herodotus asserts that there are 3 ways and degrees of mummification: the expensive, moderate, and cheap.

Modern science was able to determine these three ways and define some of the substances used. Yet, no one has unraveled the secrets of the mummification process which helped the mummies preserve their natural features for thousands of years.

Among the most important substances used was the natron, which is a natural compound of sodium carbonate, together with other substances and fatty acids.

Many ancient historians referred to the mummification process. It is also depicted on the walls of tombs and temples.

After delivering the body to the "House of Purification", the first step was the removal of the brain from the nostris. Then an incision was made in the left flank to extract the intestines, liver, spleen, lungs and the rest of the organs. The heart and kidney were left undisturbed. After washing and purifying these entrails, preserving substances and chemicals were added in canopic jars with a cover that took the form of the 4 sons of Horus.

The body cavity was then washed with date wine, some spices and medical herbs. The incision was then filled with drugs, preserving substances and aromatic substances. The eyes were pressed into their holes, then filled with linen saturated in rating. Artificial eyes were sometimes used to replace the natural ones.

The corpse was then left for 70 days before being dried, decorated and wrapped in Linen bandages.

Ancient Egyptians:
* The First Commercial Fleet in the World
* Akenaton, the First Human Call for One God, the Creator of everything
* Ancient Egyptians Are the First Legislators
* Egyptians Are the First to Know Maths, Geometry and Astronomy
* Egyptian Literature.. the Oldest in the World
* The First Poets in the World